Operations and Process Optimization

o This encompasses Operations Management, Quality Engineering, Facility Design and Layout, and Decision Analysis and Optimization. o It involves the design, operation, and improvement of production systems to ensure efficient resource utilization, quality assurance, and informed decision-making. o Techniques such as lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, statistical process control, and mathematical modelling are employed to optimize processes and systems. o Manufacturing Systems Engineering deals with designing, implementing, and operating manufacturing systems. Industrial engineers working in this field design production lines, select equipment, and develop processes to optimize production efficiency and meet customer demand.

Supply Chain Management

o This combines Supply Chain Management and Information Systems and Technology. o It focuses on integrating and coordinating activities across the entire supply chain, including sourcing, production, distribution, and information management. o Key aspects include logistics, inventory management, supplier relationship management, and the use of information technology to improve communication and decision-making.

Ergonomics & Sustainability

o This focuses on designing systems that consider human factors. Human Factors and Ergonomics create a safe, comfortable, and user-friendly workplaces and products. o Quality Engineering: Implementing quality control systems to ensure consistent and high-quality output. (While quality can be tied to systems optimization, it also has a strong human-centred aspect in its focus on user experience). o Sustainability practices such as ergonomic design, environmentally friendly manufacturing, and risk identification and mitigation contribute to ensuring safety, compliance, and business continuity.